儿童哲学在无锡协和
勤思好问,善听智行
--儿童哲学在无锡协和
Philosopher for children at WUIS
儿童是天生的哲学家
Children Are Natural Born Philosophers
儿童用最新鲜的眼光来看这个世界,他们的眼睛一边挂的是问号,一边挂的是惊叹号。
“一张纸被撕坏了,当我们把它用胶带补好之后,它还是原来那张纸吗? ”
“老师总是让我们安静,可是安静真的存在吗?”
“或许对外星人来说,我们也是外星人,外星人不过是个名字罢了,我们也可以给他们取名苹果,椅子什么的。”
以上有趣的想法来自无锡协和二年级的孩子们,他们是天生的哲学家!
Children look at the world from a fresh vision. Their eyes are always full of question marks and exclamation marks!
“If we tear up a piece of paper and use a tape to put it together, is it still the same piece of paper?”
“Teachers always want us to be quiet, but does quietness really exist?”
“From aliens’ perspective, we might also be aliens. Alien is just a name. We could also call them apples, chairs, etc.”
These interesting thoughts all came from 2nd grade students at WUIS. Children are natural born philosophers!
什么是儿童哲学?
What is P4C?
P4C(Philosophy for Children儿童哲学)作为一种教学策略适用于所有教学领域,旨在培养学生的批判性思维、创造性思维、关怀性思维、协同性思维,有助于提高学生的认知和情感发展。美国教育学家John Dewey曾说过,“注重团体、交流、智力探究以及重构态度的教育,对那些生活在不断变化的世界中的公民尤其适合。”
Philosophy for children is a teaching strategy that can be applied to all subjects, aiming to develop students’ critical, creative, caring and collaborative thinking skills and it also helps improve students’ cognitive and emotional skills. Just as American Educator John Dewey once said, education that focuses on community, communication, inquiry and attitude refactoring is beneficial to citizens who live in a constantly changing world.
儿童哲学中的4C
The 4 C’s of P4C
儿童哲学探究步骤
Inquiry Strands in P4C
无锡市协和双语国际学校于2013年9月起开设儿童哲学课程,由老师引领与学生进行哲学讨论。课堂常用的10步流程有:热身-展示刺激物-初始思考时间-提出问题-分享问题-选择问题-初步想法-相互建构-最终想法-回顾。但实际的课程并不囿于这十个探究步骤,教师根据学生的年龄特点,以及现场反馈的情况,随时调整引导策略。
P4C lesson was started in September 2019 at WUIS. Students are guided by facilitators to have philosophical conversations with each other. We usually follow the 10 procedures: warm up-show stimulation-initial thinking time-raise questions-share questions-select questions-initial thoughts-build on thoughts-final thoughts-reflection. Of course in real classrooms facilitators will make changes according to students’ age levels and their instant feedbacks.
儿童哲学先锋学校
4C’s School Status
2018年5月无锡市协和双语国际学校通过英国Dialogue Works认证,成为中国首批儿童哲学先锋学校之一。今年8月两位儿童哲学践行者林旭校长及周艺靓老师,顺利通过儿童哲学中国及英国DW(Dialogue Works)一级培训师考核,成为儿童哲学培训师。学校始终认为,儿童的思考能力不是被给予的,而是被引导和激发的。儿童只有学会思考,才会认识世界,才能更好的认识自己,在未来的生活中,才能更好的与人、与物、与各种关系相处!
In May 2018, WUIS was authorized by UK Dialogue Works and was awarded 4C’s School Status. In August 2019, Ms. Angel and Ms. Carol, the two P4C pioneer teachers at WUIS, passed the level 1 P4C trainer exam and has officially become P4C level 1 trainers. We always think that we can not give children thinking abilities, instead, we need to guide and motivate them. Only after children learn how to think will they know themselves and the world better and how to deal with different kinds of relationships in the future.
儿童哲学不仅在于加强儿童的推理,探究和概念形成的能力,还在于培养一个知性的和拥有社会美德的人,在于实现一个普通人向一个理性个体的转变,换言之,儿童哲学的目的在于培养智慧,帮助学生获得拥有幸福人生的能力。这与我校正在实践的国际融合课程相得益彰。
P4C is not only about improving children’s reasoning, inquiry and concept formation abilities, but also about cultivating individuals of knowledge and social virtues and that an ordinary human being turning to a rational individual. In another word, the purpose of P4C is to cultivate wisdom and to help students gain the ability of living a happy life, which perfectly matches with the international integration curriculum implemented in our school.
儿童哲学家长工作坊
P4C Parents’ Workshop
儿童哲学探究活动深受孩子们的喜爱,为了让更多的家长了解P4C,将哲思对话带入日常生活,我校今年开展了第一届儿童哲学家长工作坊。
P4C class is fondly loved by students at WUIS. To help parents better know P4C, and embed philosophical dialogue into daily life. our school held the first parent P4C workshop this year.
无锡协和哲思驿站
WUIS Philosophy Shop
学校在教学区域专门设置了哲思驿站,每月推出一道思考题,欢迎来来往往的路人,不管是学生,家长,老师还是参观的访客,通过留言的方式加入哲思互动。同时,我们学校公众号每月同步推出线上哲思驿站,让更多的朋友加入哲思互动,享受与想法玩乐的时光,共创互相助益的探究团体。
There is a specific P4C station in our school. Each month one thinking question will be provided and all people are welcome to leave their thoughts. In the meantime, we also have a digital version of the P4C station on Wechat to let more people join us and enjoy having fun playing with ideas and together create a friendly inquiry community
帮助学生学习自己的学习,思考自己的思考
P4C let students learn their
learning and think about their thinking
儿童哲学教会学生如何独立思考和创造性的思考、与同伴建设性的学习、有效的推理,探索自己的价值观和美德,以及合理沟通。儿童哲学创始人马修.李普曼Matthew Lipman这样认为:“儿童哲学是一项培养儿童思考能力的活动。它的目标不是将儿童变成哲学家或者决策制定者,但可以帮助他们成为考虑更加周全、更会反思、更加贴心和更加理性的人。”
P4C teaches children how to think in an independent and creative way; how to cooperate with partners; how to give reason; how to explore their own values and virtues and how to communicate with people effectively. P4C founder Dr. Matthew Lipman thinks that this is an activity to develop students’ thinking skills. It does not aim to turn students to philosophers or decision makers, instead it helps them become people who are more considerate, reflective, caring and reasonable.
在探究团体里,问题和答案都一样重要。
In an inquiry community,
questions are as important as answers.
以下分享来自不同年龄的段学生在儿童哲学课堂中提出的问题:
These sharing are from students of all grade levels in classrooms:
一年级:看不见的东西就一定不存在吗?(刺激物:How Full is Your Bucket?)
G1: Do things that we do not see exist? (stimulation: How full is your bucket?)
二年级:快乐与伤心是否会同时存在呢?(刺激物:The Giving Tree)
G2: Can happiness and sadness co-exist? (stimulation: the Giving Tree)
三年级:勇敢的人一定要永远勇敢吗?(刺激物:青蛙与蟾蜍)
G3: Do brave people need to be brave forever? (stimulation: frog and toad)
四年级:头脑与心哪一个更重要呢?(刺激物:绿野仙踪)
G4: Which is more important, mind or heart? (stimulation: the Wizard of Oz)
五年级:玩是工作吗?(刺激物:Frederick)
G5: Is playing work? (stimulation: Fredrick)
六年级:船的本质是什么?(刺激物:提修斯之船)
G6: What is the essence of boat? (Stimulation: Ship of Theseus)
这些问题蕴含着存在、思维、现象等基本的哲学命题,它将一步步强化孩子与生俱来的感知力、培养孩子独立思考的思辨力、锻炼孩子讲故事的能力……这一切能力都指向未来智能社会的竞争力。
---吴伯凡
儿童哲学促使教师勤思好问,善听智行
P4C makes teachers become
philosophical questioners, listeners and doers
孩子给予大人最激动人心的事情之一便是崭新的哲学视野,而儿童哲学正在教老师如何通过对话开展探究,如何创造人与人之间的良性互动,这种对话可以启迪心智,富有成果,不只是让儿童受益,也让老师受益。
One of the most exciting things children give to adults is a brand new philosophical vision. P4C is teaching teachers how to implement inquiry through dialogues; how to communicate well with people. These dislodges can inspire people and benefit both children and teachers.
哲学家克里希那穆提曾说:正确的教育,不能像制造机器似地大量生产。要研究每一个孩子,需要耐心、细心和智慧。儿童哲学首先改变的是教师的教育理念、观念,让教师不断学习,不断反思,不断探索,从而让学生成为最终的受益者。
Philosopher Krishnamurti once said that good education should not be like mass production. We need to study each child with patience, circumspection and wisdom. P4C changes teachers’ education concepts first and keeps them learning, reflecting and exploring, and as time passes students will be the final beneficiaries.
如今,老师们在儿童哲学的专业化学习中不断突破自我,尝试在不同学科教学中渗透哲思能力的培养,全面提升学生思考的能力。正如苏格拉底所言,“我无法教别人做什么,我只能教他们思考。”
Nowadays, with more and more practice and reflection in P4C, teachers exceed themselves and try to embed P4C into all the curriculums which would efficiently improve students’ thinking abilities. As Socrates said: I can’t teach you anything, but I can make you think.
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